The importance of touch

All warm-blooded animals are born with an innate need to be touched and stroked affectionately. Research confirmed that the handling or gentling of mammals early in life results in an increased weight gain, activity, and resilience under stress (Simon 1976). The...

How attachment develops

First-year attachment cycle Many reciprocal interactions are infant-initiated during the first year of life within the context of the ongoing attachment cycle. This cycle begins with the infant’s needs and the expression of arousal or displeasure and is completed by...

Attachment in four stages

Developing an attachment to a principal caregiver (e.g., mother, father, other consistent caregiver) occurs during four developmental stages. During the first stage, from birth to about 10 weeks, the infant’s behavior is mostly reflexive. Newborns seek contact with...

Attachment begins with the fetus

Fifty years ago “experts” believed that the human fetus was a blank slate, devoid of sensitivity, feeling, and any interactional capability. Over the last 30 years, a wealth of knowledge has been acquired about the fetus, its prenatal environment, and events...